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Module A2: Cross-Cutting Concerns

In this module, you'll learn patterns for concerns that span multiple rules: timing, notices, appeals, and escalation. Find a full working example at the end.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this module, you will be able to:

  • Model complex timing requirements
  • Implement notice-and-cure patterns
  • Build appeal procedures
  • Create escalation chains

Cross-Cutting Concerns

Some patterns appear repeatedly across legal rules:

Concern Example
Timing "within 30 days", "as soon as practicable"
Notices "Commissioner may issue notice", "cure period"
Appeals "may appeal within 21 days"
Escalation Warning → Penalty → Suspension → Removal
Grace Periods "10-day grace period before late fee"

Rather than copy-paste these patterns, we create reusable abstractions.

Timing Patterns

Basic Deadlines

-- Simple deadline: fixed number of days
GIVEN party IS A Actor
      action IS A Action
      deadline IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`obligation within days` MEANS
    PARTY party
    MUST action
    WITHIN deadline
    HENCE FULFILLED
    LEST BREACH

Relative Deadlines

Deadlines relative to events:

-- "Within 30 days of receiving notice"
GIVEN party IS A Actor
      action IS A Action
      triggerDate IS A NUMBER  -- Day number when trigger occurred
      dayLimit IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`obligation after trigger` MEANS
    PARTY party
    MUST action
    WITHIN (triggerDate + dayLimit)
    HENCE FULFILLED
    LEST BREACH

"As Soon As Practicable"

Vague statutory language requires interpretation:

-- Common interpretations of "as soon as practicable"
DECLARE PracticableDeadline IS ONE OF
    Immediate  -- Within 24 hours
    Prompt     -- Within 7 days
    Reasonable -- Within 14 days
    Extended   -- Within 30 days

GIVEN timing IS A PracticableDeadline
GIVETH A NUMBER
`practicable days` MEANS
    CONSIDER timing
    WHEN Immediate THEN 1
    WHEN Prompt THEN 7
    WHEN Reasonable THEN 14
    WHEN Extended THEN 30

Business Days vs Calendar Days

-- Rough conversion: 5 business days ≈ 7 calendar days
GIVEN businessDays IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A NUMBER
`to calendar days` MEANS
    (businessDays * 7) / 5

-- 10 business days
deadline MEANS `to calendar days` 10  -- ≈ 14 calendar days

Notice-and-Cure Pattern

Many regulations follow a notice-and-cure pattern:

  1. Violation detected
  2. Notice issued with deadline
  3. Cure period to fix the issue
  4. Consequence if not cured

Generic Notice-and-Cure

GIVEN regulator IS A Actor
      regulated IS A Actor
      violation IS A STRING
      curePeriod IS A NUMBER
      consequenceAction IS A Action
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`notice and cure` MEANS
    PARTY regulator
    MAY `issue warning notice` violation
    HENCE
        PARTY regulated
        MUST `cure violation`
        WITHIN curePeriod
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST
            PARTY regulator
            MAY consequenceAction
            HENCE BREACH BY regulated BECAUSE "failed to cure violation"
    -- If notice not issued, no further action required

Real Example: Required Steps Notice

From the Jersey Charities Law:

-- Article 27: Required Steps Notice procedure

DECLARE RequiredStepsNotice
    HAS noticeId IS A STRING
        issuedDate IS A NUMBER
        steps IS A LIST OF STRING
        deadline IS A NUMBER

GIVEN charity IS A RegisteredCharity
      notice IS A RequiredStepsNotice
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`required steps procedure` MEANS
    -- Commissioner issues notice
    PARTY CommissionerActor
    MUST `serve Required Steps Notice`
    HENCE (
        -- Charity must comply
        PARTY CharityActor charity
        MUST `take required steps` notice
        WITHIN notice's deadline
        HENCE
            -- If complied, Commissioner MUST publish
            PARTY CommissionerActor
            MUST `publish compliance`
            WITHIN 14
            HENCE FULFILLED
            LEST BREACH BY CommissionerActor BECAUSE "failed to publish compliance"
        LEST
            -- If not complied, Commissioner MAY deregister
            PARTY CommissionerActor
            MAY `deregister charity`
        )
    LEST BREACH BY CommissionerActor BECAUSE "failed to serve notice"

Appeal Procedures

Appeals are a special pattern: they suspend the original decision and create a new proceeding.

Generic Appeal Structure

-- Standard appeal pattern
DECLARE AppealOutcome IS ONE OF
    AppealAllowed
    AppealDismissed
    AppealPartiallyAllowed HAS modifications IS A STRING

GIVEN appellant IS A Actor
      appealDeadline IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`right to appeal` MEANS
    PARTY appellant
    MAY `lodge appeal`
    WITHIN appealDeadline
    HENCE
        -- Appeal body must decide
        PARTY AppealBody
        MUST `determine appeal`
        WITHIN 90  -- Typical statutory deadline
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST BREACH BY AppealBody BECAUSE "failed to determine appeal in time"

Appeal with Suspension Effect

-- Appeal suspends the original decision
GIVEN decision IS A Decision
      appellant IS A Actor
      appealDeadline IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`suspensive appeal` MEANS
    PARTY appellant
    MAY `lodge appeal against` decision
    WITHIN appealDeadline
    HENCE
        -- Appeal must be determined
        PARTY AppealBody
        MUST `determine appeal against` decision
        WITHIN 90
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST BREACH BY AppealBody BECAUSE "failed to determine appeal"

Real Example: Charity Decision Appeals

-- Article 33: Appeal Commissioner decision to Royal Court

GIVEN charity IS A RegisteredCharity
      decision IS A CommissionerDecision
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`appeal commissioner decision` MEANS
    PARTY CharityActor charity
    MAY `hear appeal` decision
    WITHIN 21  -- 21 days from notification
    HENCE
        PARTY RoyalCourt
        MUST `hear appeal` decision
        -- No statutory deadline for hearing in original law
        HENCE CONSIDER `court decision`
                WHEN Upheld THEN
                    `original decision takes effect`
                WHEN Quashed THEN
                    `decision has no effect`
                WHEN Varied newDecision THEN
                    `varied decision takes effect` newDecision
        LEST BREACH BY RoyalCourt BECAUSE "failed to hear appeal"

Escalation Chains

Many enforcement regimes have graduated responses:

Generic Escalation

-- Escalation: Warning → Fine → Suspension → Removal

GIVEN subject IS A Actor
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`escalation chain` MEANS
    -- Level 1: Warning
    PARTY RegulatoryBody
    MAY `issue warning`
    HENCE
        PARTY subject
        MUST `comply with warning`
        WITHIN 30
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST
            -- Level 2: Fine
            PARTY RegulatoryBody
            MAY `impose fine`
            HENCE
                PARTY subject
                MUST `pay fine and comply`
                WITHIN 14
                HENCE FULFILLED
                LEST
                    -- Level 3: Suspension
                    PARTY RegulatoryBody
                    MAY `suspend registration`
                    HENCE
                        PARTY subject
                        MUST `remedy and apply for reinstatement`
                        WITHIN 60
                        HENCE FULFILLED
                        LEST
                            -- Level 4: Removal
                            PARTY RegulatoryBody
                            MUST `remove from register`
                            HENCE BREACH

Escalation with Bypass

Sometimes serious violations skip early steps:

GIVEN violation IS A Violation
      subject IS A Actor
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`enforcement response` MEANS
    IF violation's severity EQUALS Critical
    THEN
        -- Immediate suspension for critical violations
        PARTY RegulatoryBody
        MUST `suspend immediately`
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST BREACH BY RegulatoryBody BECAUSE "failed to suspend critical violation"
    ELSE IF violation's severity EQUALS Serious
         THEN
             -- Skip warning for serious violations, go straight to fine
             PARTY RegulatoryBody
             MAY `impose fine`
             HENCE
                 PARTY subject
                 MUST `pay fine and comply`
                 WITHIN 14
                 HENCE FULFILLED
                 LEST BREACH BY subject BECAUSE "failed to pay fine"
         ELSE
             -- Start with warning for minor violations
             `escalation chain` subject

Grace Periods

Grace periods delay consequences:

-- Payment with grace period before late fee applies
GIVEN debtor IS A Actor
      amount IS A NUMBER
      dueDate IS A NUMBER
      gracePeriod IS A NUMBER
      lateFeePct IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`payment with grace` MEANS
    PARTY debtor
    MUST `pay` amount
    WITHIN dueDate
    HENCE FULFILLED
    LEST
        -- Grace period with late fee
        PARTY debtor
        MUST `pay with late fee` lateAmount
        WITHIN graceDeadline
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST BREACH BY debtor BECAUSE "failed to pay within grace period"
    WHERE
        lateAmount MEANS amount * (1 + lateFeePct)
        graceDeadline MEANS dueDate + gracePeriod

Exercise: Model a Procedure

Encode this procedure:

Licence Renewal Procedure:

  1. Licence holder must apply for renewal 30 days before expiry
  2. If not applied in time, 14-day grace period with late fee
  3. After grace period, licence suspended
  4. Suspended licence can be reinstated within 60 days by paying reinstatement fee
  5. After 60 days, licence is revoked with right to appeal within 21 days
Solution 
-- Separate party type for licence procedures
DECLARE LicenceParty IS ONE OF
    Holder HAS `the holder name` IS A STRING

-- Licence actions
DECLARE LicenceAction IS ONE OF
    `apply for renewal`
    `apply with late fee`
    `apply for reinstatement`
    `lodge licence appeal`

GIVEN holder IS A LicenceParty
      expiryDate IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC LicenceParty LicenceAction
`licence renewal procedure` MEANS
    PARTY holder
    MUST `apply for renewal`
    WITHIN (expiryDate - 30)  -- 30 days before expiry
    HENCE FULFILLED
    LEST
        -- Grace period with late fee
        PARTY holder
        MUST `apply with late fee`
        WITHIN (expiryDate - 30 + 14)  -- 14 day grace period
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST
            -- Reinstatement period after suspension
            PARTY holder
            MAY `apply for reinstatement`
            WITHIN 60
            HENCE FULFILLED
            LEST
                -- Revocation with appeal right
                PARTY holder
                MAY `lodge licence appeal`
                WITHIN 21
                HENCE FULFILLED
                -- If no appeal filed, licence is revoked

Full Example

-- Module A2: Cross-Cutting Concerns - Examples
-- This file demonstrates patterns for concerns that span multiple rules:
-- timing, notices, appeals, escalation, and grace periods.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 1: Type Definitions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Actor types for various procedures
DECLARE Actor IS ONE OF
    CommissionerActor
    CharityActor HAS charity IS A RegisteredCharity
    RegulatoryBody
    AppealBody
    RoyalCourt

-- Separate party type for licence procedures
DECLARE LicenceParty IS ONE OF
    Holder HAS `the holder name` IS A STRING

-- Action types for regulatory procedures
DECLARE Action IS ONE OF
    `take action`
    `comply with requirement`
    `issue warning notice` HAS violation IS A STRING
    `cure violation`
    `impose penalty`
    `serve Required Steps Notice`
    `take required steps` HAS notice IS A RequiredStepsNotice
    `publish compliance`
    `deregister charity`
    `lodge appeal`
    `determine appeal`
    `lodge appeal against` HAS decision IS A Decision
    `determine appeal against` HAS decision IS A Decision
    `hear appeal` HAS decision IS A CommissionerDecision
    `issue warning`
    `comply with warning`
    `impose fine`
    `pay fine and comply`
    `suspend registration`
    `remedy and apply for reinstatement`
    `remove from register`
    `suspend immediately`
    `pay` HAS `the payment amount` IS A NUMBER
    `pay with late fee` HAS `the total amount` IS A NUMBER

-- Licence actions
DECLARE LicenceAction IS ONE OF
    `apply for renewal`
    `apply with late fee`
    `apply for reinstatement`
    `lodge licence appeal`

-- Severity levels for violations
DECLARE Severity IS ONE OF
    Minor
    Serious
    Critical

-- Violation record
DECLARE Violation
    HAS description IS A STRING
        penalty IS A NUMBER
        severity IS A Severity

-- Charity types
DECLARE CharityStatus IS ONE OF
    Active
    Suspended
    Dissolved

DECLARE RegisteredCharity
    HAS `the charity name` IS A STRING
        registrationNumber IS A STRING
        status IS A CharityStatus

-- Decision types
DECLARE Decision
    HAS decisionId IS A STRING
        description IS A STRING

DECLARE CommissionerDecision
    HAS decisionId IS A STRING
        decisionType IS A STRING
        affectedCharity IS A RegisteredCharity

-- Court decision outcomes
DECLARE CourtDecision IS ONE OF
    Upheld
    Quashed
    Varied HAS newDecision IS A Decision

-- Notice types
DECLARE RequiredStepsNotice
    HAS noticeId IS A STRING
        issuedDate IS A NUMBER
        steps IS A LIST OF STRING
        deadline IS A NUMBER

-- Practicable deadline interpretations
DECLARE PracticableDeadline IS ONE OF
    Immediate  -- Within 24 hours
    Prompt     -- Within 7 days
    Reasonable -- Within 14 days
    Extended   -- Within 30 days

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 2: Timing Patterns
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Convert "as soon as practicable" to specific day count
GIVEN timing IS A PracticableDeadline
GIVETH A NUMBER
`practicable days` MEANS
    CONSIDER timing
    WHEN Immediate THEN 1
    WHEN Prompt THEN 7
    WHEN Reasonable THEN 14
    WHEN Extended THEN 30

-- Convert business days to calendar days (approximate)
-- 5 business days ≈ 7 calendar days
GIVEN businessDays IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A NUMBER
`to calendar days` MEANS (businessDays * 7) / 5

-- Example: 10 business days converted
`ten business days` MEANS `to calendar days` 10  -- ≈ 14 calendar days

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 3: Basic Deadline Obligations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Simple deadline: fixed number of days
GIVEN party IS A Actor
      action IS A Action
      deadline IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`obligation within days` MEANS
    PARTY party
    MUST action
    WITHIN deadline
    HENCE FULFILLED
    LEST BREACH

-- Relative deadline: within N days after a trigger event
GIVEN party IS A Actor
      action IS A Action
      triggerDate IS A NUMBER  -- Day number when trigger occurred
      dayLimit IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`obligation after trigger` MEANS
    PARTY party
    MUST action
    WITHIN (triggerDate + dayLimit)
    HENCE FULFILLED
    LEST BREACH

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 4: Notice-and-Cure Pattern
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Generic notice-and-cure: violation detected, notice issued, cure period,
-- then consequence if not cured
GIVEN regulator IS A Actor
      regulated IS A Actor
      violation IS A STRING
      curePeriod IS A NUMBER
      consequenceAction IS A Action
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`notice and cure` MEANS
    PARTY regulator
    MAY `issue warning notice` violation
    HENCE
        PARTY regulated
        MUST `cure violation`
        WITHIN curePeriod
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST
            PARTY regulator
            MAY consequenceAction
            HENCE BREACH BY regulated BECAUSE "failed to cure violation"
    -- If notice not issued, no further action required

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 5: Required Steps Notice (Jersey Charities Law Example)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Article 27: Required Steps Notice procedure
GIVEN charity IS A RegisteredCharity
      notice IS A RequiredStepsNotice
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`required steps procedure` MEANS
    -- Commissioner issues notice
    PARTY CommissionerActor
    MUST `serve Required Steps Notice`
    WITHIN 30
    HENCE (
        -- Charity must comply
        PARTY CharityActor charity
        MUST `take required steps` notice
        WITHIN notice's deadline
        HENCE
            -- If complied, Commissioner MUST publish
            PARTY CommissionerActor
            MUST `publish compliance`
            WITHIN 14
            HENCE FULFILLED
            LEST BREACH BY CommissionerActor BECAUSE "failed to publish compliance"
        LEST
            -- If not complied, Commissioner MAY deregister
            PARTY CommissionerActor
            MAY `deregister charity`
            HENCE BREACH BY (CharityActor charity) BECAUSE "failed to take required steps"
        )
    LEST 
        BREACH BY CommissionerActor BECAUSE "failed to serve notice"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 6: Appeal Procedures
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Standard appeal pattern
DECLARE AppealOutcome IS ONE OF
    AppealAllowed
    AppealDismissed
    AppealPartiallyAllowed HAS modifications IS A STRING

-- Right to appeal with deadline
GIVEN appellant IS A Actor
      appealDeadline IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`right to appeal` MEANS
    PARTY appellant
    MAY `lodge appeal`
    WITHIN appealDeadline
    HENCE
        -- Appeal body must decide
        PARTY AppealBody
        MUST `determine appeal`
        WITHIN 90  -- Typical statutory deadline
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST BREACH BY AppealBody BECAUSE "failed to determine appeal in time"

-- Appeal with suspension effect
GIVEN decision IS A Decision
      appellant IS A Actor
      appealDeadline IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`suspensive appeal` MEANS
    PARTY appellant
    MAY `lodge appeal against` decision
    WITHIN appealDeadline
    HENCE
        -- Appeal must be determined
        PARTY AppealBody
        MUST `determine appeal against` decision
        WITHIN 90
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST BREACH BY AppealBody BECAUSE "failed to determine appeal"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 7: Article 33 - Appeal to Royal Court (Jersey Charities Law)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Placeholder functions for court decisions
`original decision takes effect` MEANS FULFILLED
`decision has no effect` MEANS FULFILLED

GIVEN newDecision IS A Decision
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`varied decision takes effect` MEANS FULFILLED

-- Article 33: Appeal Commissioner decision to Royal Court
GIVEN charity IS A RegisteredCharity
      decision IS A CommissionerDecision
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`appeal commissioner decision` MEANS
    PARTY CharityActor charity
    MAY `hear appeal` decision  -- Note: using available action
    WITHIN 21  -- 21 days from notification
    HENCE
        PARTY RoyalCourt
        MUST `hear appeal` decision
        -- No statutory deadline for hearing in original law
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST BREACH BY RoyalCourt BECAUSE "failed to hear appeal"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 8: Escalation Chains
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Escalation: Warning → Fine → Suspension → Removal
GIVEN subject IS A Actor
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`escalation chain` MEANS
    -- Level 1: Warning
    PARTY RegulatoryBody
    MAY `issue warning`
    HENCE
        PARTY subject
        MUST `comply with warning`
        WITHIN 30
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST
            -- Level 2: Fine
            PARTY RegulatoryBody
            MAY `impose fine`
            HENCE
                PARTY subject
                MUST `pay fine and comply`
                WITHIN 14
                HENCE FULFILLED
                LEST
                    -- Level 3: Suspension
                    PARTY RegulatoryBody
                    MAY `suspend registration`
                    HENCE
                        PARTY subject
                        MUST `remedy and apply for reinstatement`
                        WITHIN 60
                        HENCE FULFILLED
                        LEST
                            -- Level 4: Removal
                            PARTY RegulatoryBody
                            MUST `remove from register`
                            HENCE BREACH

-- Escalation with bypass for serious violations
GIVEN violation IS A Violation
      subject IS A Actor
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`enforcement response` MEANS
    IF violation's severity EQUALS Critical
    THEN
        -- Immediate suspension for critical violations
        PARTY RegulatoryBody
        MUST `suspend immediately`
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST BREACH BY RegulatoryBody BECAUSE "failed to suspend critical violation"
    ELSE IF violation's severity EQUALS Serious
         THEN
             -- Skip warning for serious violations, go straight to fine
             PARTY RegulatoryBody
             MAY `impose fine`
             HENCE
                 PARTY subject
                 MUST `pay fine and comply`
                 WITHIN 14
                 HENCE FULFILLED
                 LEST BREACH BY subject BECAUSE "failed to pay fine"
         ELSE
             -- Start with warning for minor violations
             `escalation chain` subject

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 9: Grace Periods
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Payment with grace period before late fee applies
GIVEN debtor IS A Actor
      amount IS A NUMBER
      dueDate IS A NUMBER
      gracePeriod IS A NUMBER
      lateFeePct IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC Actor Action
`payment with grace` MEANS
    PARTY debtor
    MUST `pay` amount
    WITHIN dueDate
    HENCE FULFILLED
    LEST
        -- Grace period with late fee
        PARTY debtor
        MUST `pay with late fee` lateAmount
        WITHIN graceDeadline
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST BREACH BY debtor BECAUSE "failed to pay within grace period"
    WHERE
        lateAmount MEANS amount * (1 + lateFeePct)
        graceDeadline MEANS dueDate + gracePeriod

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 10: Licence Renewal Procedure (Exercise Solution)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Complete licence renewal procedure with:
-- 1. Apply 30 days before expiry
-- 2. 14-day grace period with late fee
-- 3. Suspension after grace period
-- 4. 60-day reinstatement window
-- 5. Revocation with 21-day appeal right

-- Placeholder functions for licence status changes
`licence suspended` MEANS FULFILLED
`licence revoked` MEANS FULFILLED
`appeal procedure` MEANS FULFILLED

GIVEN holder IS A LicenceParty
      expiryDate IS A NUMBER
GIVETH A DEONTIC LicenceParty LicenceAction
`licence renewal procedure` MEANS
    PARTY holder
    MUST `apply for renewal`
    WITHIN (expiryDate - 30)  -- 30 days before expiry
    HENCE FULFILLED
    LEST
        -- Grace period with late fee
        PARTY holder
        MUST `apply with late fee`
        WITHIN (expiryDate - 30 + 14)  -- 14 day grace period
        HENCE FULFILLED
        LEST
            -- Reinstatement period after suspension
            PARTY holder
            MAY `apply for reinstatement`
            WITHIN 60
            HENCE FULFILLED
            LEST
                -- Revocation with appeal right
                PARTY holder
                MAY `lodge licence appeal`
                WITHIN 21
                HENCE FULFILLED
                -- If no appeal filed, licence is revoked

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SECTION 11: Test Cases
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Test charity for examples
testCharity MEANS RegisteredCharity "Test Charity" "TC-001" Active

-- Test notice
testNotice MEANS RequiredStepsNotice "RSN-001" 0 (LIST "Update records", "Submit report") 30

-- Test violation
minorViolation MEANS Violation "Late filing" 500 Minor
seriousViolation MEANS Violation "Missing records" 2000 Serious
criticalViolation MEANS Violation "Fraud detected" 10000 Critical

-- Test 1: Basic deadline obligation fulfilled
#TRACE `obligation within days` CommissionerActor `take action` 14 AT 0 WITH
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `take action` AT 10

-- Test 2: Basic deadline obligation breached
#TRACE `obligation within days` CommissionerActor `take action` 14 AT 0 WITH
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `take action` AT 20

-- Test 3: Required steps procedure - charity complies
#TRACE `required steps procedure` testCharity testNotice AT 0 WITH
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `serve Required Steps Notice` AT 1
    PARTY (CharityActor testCharity) DOES `take required steps` testNotice AT 20
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `publish compliance` AT 30

-- Test 4: Required steps procedure - charity fails to comply
#TRACE `required steps procedure` testCharity testNotice AT 0 WITH
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `serve Required Steps Notice` AT 1
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `deregister charity` AT 40

-- Test 5: Payment with grace period - paid on time
#TRACE `payment with grace` CommissionerActor 1000 30 10 0.1 AT 0 WITH
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `pay` 1000 AT 25

-- Test 6: Payment with grace period - paid during grace
#TRACE `payment with grace` CommissionerActor 1000 30 10 0.1 AT 0 WITH
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `pay with late fee` 1100 AT 38

-- Test 7: Escalation chain - complies at warning stage
#TRACE `escalation chain` CommissionerActor AT 0 WITH
    PARTY RegulatoryBody DOES `issue warning` AT 1
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `comply with warning` AT 20

-- Test 8: Enforcement response for minor violation
#TRACE `enforcement response` minorViolation CommissionerActor AT 0 WITH
    PARTY RegulatoryBody DOES `issue warning` AT 1
    PARTY CommissionerActor DOES `comply with warning` AT 20

-- Test 9: Enforcement response for critical violation
#TRACE `enforcement response` criticalViolation CommissionerActor AT 0 WITH
    PARTY RegulatoryBody DOES `suspend immediately` AT 1

-- Test 10: Licence renewal - on time
testHolder MEANS Holder "Test Holder"
#TRACE `licence renewal procedure` testHolder 100 AT 0 WITH
    PARTY testHolder DOES `apply for renewal` AT 60

-- Test 11: Licence renewal - late with fee
#TRACE `licence renewal procedure` testHolder 100 AT 0 WITH
    PARTY testHolder DOES `apply with late fee` AT 78

-- Test 12: Licence renewal - reinstatement
#TRACE `licence renewal procedure` testHolder 100 AT 0 WITH
    PARTY testHolder DOES `apply for reinstatement` AT 100

Summary

Pattern When to Use
Timing Any deadline requirement
Notice-and-Cure Violations with opportunity to fix
Appeals Decisions that can be challenged
Escalation Graduated enforcement responses
Grace Periods Soft deadlines with delayed consequences

Key principle: Abstract common patterns into reusable functions rather than duplicating code.

What's Next?

In Module A3: Contracts in Depth, you'll learn advanced contract modeling including complex payment terms, recursive obligations, and penalty structures.